In the Indonesian military, titular and honorary ranks are two different types of special military ranks. Unlike the normal rank in the Indonesian military, titular and honorary ranks could be given to civilians who served temporarily in the military or contributed to the military.

Titular rank

Background

Titular rank have been given since the Indonesian National Revolution. During the revolution, the office of governors, residents, and regents were transformed into military offices, which allowed them to regulate military affairs in their region. In their capacity, they were given titular military ranks. Military governors were given the titular rank of general major, military residents were given the titular rank of lieutenant colonel, and military regents were given the titular rank of major. Several military offices during the revolution also involve civilian officeholders. An example of this is the Army Political Education Staff and the Military Court. The Army Political Education Staff, which was intended to educate the military on non-military matters, consisted of civilians. As such, these civilians were given the titular rank of major general. Similarly, the military court during the revolution was filled with civilian judges due to the lack of military officers with law backgrounds. These civilian judges were given titular ranks, with the highest being the titular rank of lieutenant general for the chief justice of the supreme army court and the lowest being the titular rank of captain for the court clerk.

Regulation

The first regulation on titular ranks was enacted on 1 August 1946 with the Government Decree No. 7 of 1946. The regulation specifies the use of titular ranks within the military courts. The decree was later amended with the enactment of Government Decree No. 45 of 1948 on 9 October 1948. Regulations about special military ranks were later merged to the Government Decree No. 36 of 1959, which was enacted on 26 June 1959.

Current usage

Titular rank holders

Titular flag officers

* Hamengkubuwono IX (titular general) * Roeslan Abdulgani (titular general) * Chairul Saleh (titular lieutenant general, later promoted to titular general on 17 August 1964, titular rank converted to honorary rank posthumously on 22 June 1967) *

Johannes Leimena Johannes Leimena (Often abbreviated as J. Leimana; 6 March 1905 – 29 March 1977), more colloquially referred to as Om Jo, was an Indonesian politician, physician, and national hero. He was one of the longest-serving government ministers in I ...

(titular vice admiral, later promoted to titular admiral on 17 August 1964) *

Soebandrio Subandrio (15 September 1914 – 3 July 2004) was an Indonesian politician and Foreign Minister and First Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia under President Sukarno. Removed from office following the failed 1965 coup, he spent 29 years in pri ...

(titular air vice admiral, later promoted to titular air admiral on 17 August 1964) * Daud Beureueh (titular general major) * Ferdinand Lumbantobing (titular general major) *

Nugroho Notosusanto Brigadier General Raden Panji Nugroho Notosusanto (15 July 1930 – 3 June 1985) was an Indonesian short story writer turned military historian who served as professor of history at the University of Indonesia. Born to a noble family in Cent ...

(titular brigadier general)

Titular officers

Melanchton Siregar Melanchton Siregar (August 7, 1912 – February 24, 1975) was the co-founder and last chairman of the Indonesian Christian Party, and the commander of the Arrow Division, the military wing of the North Sumatra branch of the Indonesian Christian P ...

(titular colonel) * Idris Sardi (titular lieutenant colonel)

Honorary rank

Honorary ranks are usually given as a promotion to retired military officers. Retired military officers who serve as ministers usually received honorary rank promotion.

Honorary rank holders

* Chairul Saleh (honorary general) *Achmad Tahir (honorary general) * Susilo Sudarman (honorary general) * Agum Gumelar (honorary general) *

Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan (EYD: ''Luhut Binsar Panjaitan'', born 28 September 1947) is an Indonesian politician, businessman and retired four-star Army general, serving as Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment since October 2 ...

(honorary general) * Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (honorary general) * Hari Sabarno (honorary general) *

Abdullah Mahmud Hendropriyono General (Ret.) Abdullah Mahmud Hendropriyono ( ; born 7 May 1945) is a retired honorary general from Kopassus, the Indonesian Army special forces group. Hendropriyono was the first head of Indonesia's Indonesian State Intelligence Agency, State I ...

(honorary general) * Azwar Anas (honorary lieutenant general) *Ary Mardjono (honorary lieutenant general) *Z.A. Maulani (honorary lieutenant general) *Kentot Harseno (honorary lieutenant general) * Sintong Panjaitan (honorary lieutenant general) *

Paku Alam VIII Sri Paku Alam VIII (10 April 1910 – 11 September 1998) was Duke (''Adipati'') of Pakualaman serving the second Governor of Yogyakarta. He was the son of Paku Alam VII and ''Gusti Bendara Raden Ayu Retno Poewoso''. His child name was ''Gusti Ra ...

(honorary major general){{Cite book, last=General Elections Institution, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VODlHHq4FukC&pg=PA723, title=Riwajat hidup anggota-anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat hasil pemilihan umum 1971, publisher=General Elections Institution, year=1973, location=Jakarta, pages=723, author-link=General Elections Institution *Muchlis Ibrahim (honorary major general) * Bandjela Paliudju (honorary major general) * Daniel Frank Craig (honorary commander)

References

Military ranks of Indonesia